1	Swiss Reformation: Zwingli “From the Reformation to the Constitution” Bill Petro your friendly neighborhood historian
2	Objectives By the end of this session you should be able to Trace the beginning of the Swiss Reformation Describe Ulrich Zwingli’s distinctives Discuss differences between Catholic, Lutheran, and Reformed practices Identify the ideological origins of the Baptists
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4	Swiss Cantons
5	Ulrich Zwingli Father of Swiss Reformation 1484 -1531 Born in Wildhaus, N. Switz to well-to-do family Childhood: Basel, Bern Loved Music: Vienna studies University of Basel: BA, MA Influenced by Italian Renaissance Influenced by John Duns Scotus Became Humanist (Erasmus)
6	Zwingli’s Studies Hand copied Erasmus’ Greek New Testament
7	Zwingli: the Priest 1506 ordained in Basel Pastor at Glarus for 10 years Teaches himself: Greek, Hebrew, Church Fathers Memorizes Epistles of Paul 1516: Einsiedeln Criticized the ritualism of the “Black Virgin”
8	Zwingli in Zurich January 1, 1519 People’s Priest at Grossmünster Converted by studies Expository sermons through the NT Reads Luther Swiss Reformation begins
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11	Zwingli’s Writings 1521: 67 Articles Debates and convinces others 1525: True and False Religion Abolished the Mass democratically City changed in a day 1530: Confession to Charles V at Diet of Augsburg – not read 1531: Exposition of the Christian Faith to Francis I – not read
12	Zwingli’s Home Life Secret “clerical marriage” in 1522 Married Anna Reinhard, widow, in 1524 4 children
13	Zwingli’s Teachings Adopts Sola fide and Sola scriptura Persuades Zurich Town Council to forbid non-Scriptural religious teachings Teaches Predestination and the 2 Sacraments Emphasizes Symbolic Lord’s Supper Denounces: Mercenaries Monasticism Purgatory Relics
14	Special Relics New Newspaper from the Rhine - 1542 2 feathers and an egg from the Holy Spirit ½ of the archangel Gabriel’s wing 30 blasts from the trumpets on Mt. Sinai 5 nice, shiny strings from David’s harp 3 beautiful locks of Absalom’s hair For 1 guilder: papal indulgence remitting all sins committed up to present and next 10 years. Author: Martin Luther
15	Zwingli’s Practices Preaches chapter by chapter, book by book Abolishes religious ornaments Destroys organ at Grossmünster Knocks out stained glass windows Whitewashes walls Plain benches, separates sexes Wooden table replaces altar! Wooden cup replaces chalice
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19	Zwingli’s Success Monasteries converted into hospitals 6 cantons were converted to the Reformation 5 “Forest Cantons” remained staunchly Catholic
20	Marburg Colloquy 1529: by Philip of Hesse, leading “Protestant” Unite Luther and Zwingli? Luther and Zwingli had much in common Disagreed on Lord’s Supper
21	Lutheran vs. Reformed
22	Swiss Civil War May 15, 1531, the cantons which had accepted the Reformation assembled Forest Cantons (strongly Roman Catholic) flatly refused to keep the treaty they had signed the year before
23	Second Battle of Kappel October 11, 1531 Catholic army of 8,000 against Zurich's 1500 500 Protestants died Zwingli as chaplain slain along with 26 members of the Town Council and 24 other pastors
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27	Heinrich Bullinger 1504 - 75 1549: Consensus Tigurinus between him and Calvin The greatest “Pastor” of the Reformation Wrote to all European Monarchs
28	Origin of Baptists Ask a Baptist John the Baptist Ask an old Baptist English Separatists Ask an historian January 21, 1525
29	Anabaptists Forgotten tradition of Swiss Brethren Opposed by Catholics, Luther, Zwingli, & Calvin Bullinger: “Against the Tricks of the Catabaptists”
30	Anabaptist Leaders Konrad Grebel From patrician family in Zurich Misspent youth at Univ. of Vienna & Paris Converted by Zwingli’s Bible Studies Felix Manz Hebrew scholar and illegitimate son Menno Simonsz Dutch priest in Holland → Mennonites
31	Anabaptist Beliefs Sola scriptura Literal interpretation Gathered Church Out of the world, not state or folk church born into Separation of church & state Some Pacifists, wouldn’t swear civil oaths Believer’s (Adult) Baptism only Sign of inward work of grace
32	Anabaptist Behavior Young, idealistic, impetuous, impatient Wouldn’t baptize their babies – broke franchise Zwingli debated them publicly – gave deadline January 21, 1525 in Zollikon (outside Zurich) Grebel baptized Manz City Council condemned them Manz was drowned by authorities Extensive persecution
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35	Anabaptist Heritage Moravia, Hesse (N. Germany) Holland Mennonites Jacob Amman – Amish (Pennsylvania Dutch) English Separatists English Baptists General Baptists (1612): Arminian Particular Baptists (1633): Calvinistic American Baptists Roger Williams (Providence, RI)
36	1-Word Summary Catholic Church Merit Luther Justification Zwingli Sovereignty Anabaptists Believer’s Baptism